Dhimmah (Protection Contract)

**Definition:** - Linguistically: Covenant, security, guarantee - Legally: Allowing some disbelievers to remain on their disbelief on condition of paying jizyah and adhering to the rulings that Islamic law has placed upon them **Legality:** - **Quran:** "Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture - until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled" [9:29] - **Hadith of Buraydah:** "Then invite them to Islam. If they respond, accept from them and restrain from them... If they refuse, ask them for jizyah" **Who Pays Jizyah:** - Men - Adults (mukallaf) - Free (not slaves) - Wealthy/able to pay **Who Does NOT Pay:** - Slaves (owns nothing like the poor) - Women, children, insane (not people of fighting) - Chronically ill and very elderly (their blood is protected, like women) **Obligations of Dhimmah Contract:** This contract with disbelievers mandates: 1. Prohibition of fighting them 2. Protection of their wealth 3. Safeguarding their honor 4. Guaranteeing their freedom 5. Not harming them 6. Punishing whoever intends harm to them **Evidence:** - **Hadith:** "When you meet your enemy from among the polytheists, invite them to three things. Whichever they respond to, accept from them and restrain from them" *Content to be continued from subsequent pages...*