Definition & Ruling

**Muzara'ah (Sharecropping):** Giving land to one who cultivates it, or seed to one who plants and tends it, for a known share of the produce. **Musaqah (Orchard Partnership):** Giving known planted trees with edible fruit to one who works on them for a known share of the fruit. **Relationship Between Them:** - Muzara'ah applies to crops like grains - Musaqah applies to trees like palm trees - In both, the worker receives a share of the production **Ruling:** Both are permissible - they are from the permissible (ja'iz) contracts due to people's need for them. **Evidence:** - **Hadith of Ibn Umar رضي الله عنهما:** "The Prophet ﷺ gave Khaybar to its people for half of what comes from it of fruit or crops" [Bukhari & Muslim]