Conditions of Obligation

**Fasting is obligatory on one who meets ALL conditions:** **1. Islam:** - Not obligatory on disbelievers - If they convert, no makeup required **2. Puberty (Bulugh):** - Not obligatory on children - But a discerning child should be trained to fast **3. Sanity ('Aql):** - Not obligatory on the insane or mentally impaired - **Hadith:** "The pen is lifted from three..." including "the insane until he recovers" **4. Health (Sihhah):** - Sick person who cannot fast is excused - Must make up days after recovery - **Quran:** "Whoever is ill or traveling, then [an equal] number of other days" [2:185] **5. Residence (Iqamah):** - Traveler may break fast - Must make up days later - If traveler fasts, it counts **6. Free from Menstruation/Postpartum (for women):** - Women in menses or nifas may not fast - Must make up days later - **Hadith:** "Isn't it that when she menstruates, she doesn't pray or fast?"