Pillars & Conditions

**Three Pillars:** **1. The Emancipator (المُعْتِق):** The person who frees another. **2. The Emancipated (المُعْتَق):** The person who is freed. **3. The Statement (الصيغة):** The words by which manumission takes place. --- **Conditions for Valid Manumission:** **1. Legal Capacity of Emancipator:** The emancipator must be legally capable of disposal - adult, sane, prudent, and willing. - Invalid from: child, insane person, incompetent, or coerced person - **Evidence:** The Prophet ﷺ said: "The pen is lifted from three: from the child until puberty, from the insane until recovery, and from the sleeper until awakening." - Manumission by a coerced person is invalid, like all his other transactions. **2. Ownership:** The emancipator must own the one he is freeing. Manumission by a non-owner is invalid. **3. No Encumbered Rights:** There must be no binding right preventing manumission, such as debt or liability. He cannot be freed until the debt is paid or the liability is settled. **4. Explicit Wording:** Manumission must be by explicit words or their equivalents in metaphors. Mere intention is insufficient, as it is a removal of ownership which does not occur by intention alone.