Tadbir (Deferred Manumission)

**Definition:** Tadbir is making manumission contingent upon the master's death. It is said: "The man made tadbir for his slave" if he freed him after his death. Also: "He freed him 'an dubr" (upon his demise). **Al-Mudabbar:** The slave who receives tadbir - called so because his freedom is placed at the 'dubr' (end) of his master's life, as death comes at the end of life. --- **Ruling & Evidence:** Tadbir is permissible and valid by scholarly consensus. **Evidence:** Hadith of Jabir رضي الله عنه: "A man from the Ansar freed his slave 'an dubr, having no other property. When this reached the Prophet ﷺ, he said: 'Who will buy him from me?' Nu'aym ibn Abdullah bought him for 800 dirhams, which he gave to the man" [Bukhari & Muslim] --- **Rulings of the Mudabbar:** **1.** The mudabbar may be sold for need, and some scholars permit selling him unconditionally, based on Jabir's hadith above. **2.** The mudabbar is freed from the **one-third**, not the principal estate - because his ruling is like a bequest: both take effect only after death. **3.** It is permissible for the master to gift him, as gifting is like selling. **4.** It is permissible for the master to have intercourse with his mudabbara female slave, as she is his property. Allah says: "except from their wives or those their right hands possess" [Al-Mu'minun: 6]