Hajb (Blocking)

**Definition:** Al-Hajb is preventing someone from all or part of inheritance due to the existence of another person more entitled. --- **Two Types:** **1. Hajb of Descriptions (حجب الأوصاف):** This applies to whoever has one of the impediments to inheritance: slavery, killing, or difference of religion. Whoever has one of these attributes does not inherit, and his existence is like non-existence. It applies to all heirs. **2. Hajb of Persons (حجب الأشخاص):** This is what "hajb" refers to when used alone. It has two subtypes: **a) Hajb Hirman (Complete Blocking):** Completely preventing a specific person from inheriting. It applies to all heirs EXCEPT six: father, mother, husband, wife, son, and daughter. **b) Hajb Nuqsan (Partial Blocking):** Preventing someone from a larger share to a smaller one. --- **Seven Types of Partial Blocking:** 1. Moving from one fixed share to a lesser fixed share - for those with two shares (like spouses, mother, son's daughter, paternal sister) 2. Moving from fixed share to residuary - for those with half or two-thirds when someone makes them residuary 3. Moving from residuary to a lesser fixed share - for father and grandfather 4. Moving from residuary to lesser residuary - for full or paternal sisters (they get less with their brother than with daughters) 5. Competition in fixed shares - like wives competing for the quarter, grandmothers for the sixth 6. Competition in residue - like 'asaba competing for the estate or what remains after shares 7. Competition through 'Awl - for fixed-share heirs in cases where shares exceed the estate --- **General Rule:** - Whoever connects through an intermediary is blocked by that intermediary - Ancestors are only blocked by higher ancestors - Descendants are only blocked by higher descendants - Collaterals are blocked by ancestors, descendants, and other collaterals